Xi Jinping Boulevard encircles Cambodia’s rapidly developing capital, Phnom Penh, where Chinese signage is increasingly prevalent. The boulevard, named after the Chinese leader last year, is set to connect to a new Chinese-built airport, projected to be among the world's ten largest.
During his visit on Thursday, Mr. Xi was welcomed with large red banners and portraits, as well as crowds of Cambodians waving Chinese flags, who were reportedly paid for their participation. This visit occurs amid rising tensions with the United States, which has threatened a 49 percent tariff on Cambodian exports and is reducing aid projects in the country. Mr. Xi’s Southeast Asia tour, which included Vietnam and Malaysia, emphasizes China's growing influence in the region.
China is Cambodia’s primary trading partner and foreign investor, positioning itself as a supportive ally in contrast to the U.S., which appears to be retreating from its global leadership role. Political scientist Sophal Ear noted that Mr. Xi's visit is strategically timed to showcase China's commitment to Cambodia as the U.S. diminishes its presence.
Despite Mr. Xi’s efforts, China does not enjoy universal popularity in the region, particularly given its historical ties to the Khmer Rouge regime. As Cambodia seeks to negotiate lower American tariffs to protect its garment industry, Prime Minister Hun Manet has already agreed to reduce tariffs on U.S. goods.
China's economic influence has expanded significantly, exemplified by the recent unveiling of a naval base refurbished by China, which has hosted Chinese warships. The Cambodian government has denied that the base serves as a Chinese military outpost, despite concerns from U.S. strategists regarding China's military ambitions in the region.
Historically, Cambodia's relationship with China has evolved, particularly under the leadership of Hun Sen, who previously criticized China’s role in supporting the Khmer Rouge. His son, Hun Manet, has continued to strengthen ties with China, emphasizing mutual political trust.
During his visit, Mr. Xi brought 37 cooperative agreements aimed at boosting economic collaboration, including support for a canal project intended to facilitate direct shipping from China to Cambodia. Cambodia has also reaffirmed its stance on Taiwan as part of China.
In Malaysia, Mr. Xi witnessed the signing of various nonbinding agreements, as Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim criticized the current global order without directly referencing China. Small nations like Cambodia are navigating their relationships with superpowers, seeking to maintain flexibility.
While acknowledging past U.S. aid, Cambodian officials express gratitude for Chinese investments that have led to significant infrastructure development. However, some citizens, like teacher Soth Vanna, voice concerns over land dispossession linked to development projects, highlighting the complexities of rapid growth and its impact on local communities.
Despite these challenges, many Cambodians recognize the benefits of Chinese investment, as infrastructure improvements continue to transform the landscape of the country.