The Biden administration on Monday lifted some restrictions on humanitarian aid to Syria while maintaining broad sanctions, following the recent overthrow of the Assad regime after 50 years of authoritarian rule.
The authorization issued by the Treasury Department indicates a cautious approach by Washington towards Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, the leading rebel group responsible for the regime's downfall. Although the group has distanced itself from Al Qaeda, it continues to be designated as a terrorist organization by the U.S. government.
This six-month decision allows humanitarian organizations to operate with greater freedom under U.S. sanctions, enabling them to provide essential services including electricity, energy, water, and sanitation.
Since the onset of Syria's civil war in March 2011, the U.S. and its allies have imposed extensive economic pressures on the ousted President Bashar al-Assad and his supporters, making Syria one of the most heavily sanctioned regions by the Treasury.
Over three U.S. administrations, sanctions against Syria have intensified, leading some analysts to question their effectiveness and impact on civilian populations.
Deputy Treasury Secretary Wally Adeyemo remarked on the opportunity for reconstruction in Syria following the end of Assad's rule, stating the Treasury will support humanitarian efforts and responsible governance during this transitional period.
Sanctions remain a significant concern for Syria's new leadership as they seek to establish a new path. Following Assad's departure, Ahmed al-Shara, the leader of the rebels, was quick to request that the U.S. begin easing restrictions.
Syria's foreign minister, Asaad Hassan al-Shibani, reiterated the need for lifting sanctions, asserting they hinder the recovery and development efforts of the Syrian people, who require international services and partnerships.
On Monday, a Qatari aircraft delivered humanitarian aid to Damascus, reflecting a wider initiative by Arab nations to provide assistance amid the ongoing humanitarian crisis in Syria.
European nations have also contributed tens of millions of dollars in humanitarian aid since the fall of the Assad government; however, these funds constitute only a small portion of what is necessary for Syria's recovery and rebuilding efforts after over a decade of conflict.
Experts highlight that U.S. sanctions impede humanitarian operations by restricting essential financial resources needed for reconstruction and economic development, complicating efforts for families and aid organizations to send money and support. Additionally, institutions like the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank are unable to provide assistance due to these sanctions.