Following the September 11 attacks in 2001, Mayor Rudolph Giuliani symbolized New York City's response to crisis, projecting authority and control. His leadership during that time has influenced mayors facing emergencies across the U.S. As Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass navigates her city's severe fire challenges, questions have emerged regarding her effectiveness in a leadership role similar to Giuliani's.
Concerns about Bass stem from her limited executive experience and her absence during the initial outbreak of fires. This situation highlights the governance complexities in Los Angeles, characterized by a fragmented authority structure that contrasts sharply with cities like New York and Chicago.
Los Angeles is one of 88 cities within Los Angeles County, which has a population of 9.6 million governed by a five-person board of supervisors. The supervisors exercise considerable influence over their jurisdictions, creating a rivalry with the mayor's office. Additionally, various police and fire departments operate within the county, further complicating emergency responses.
The Eaton fire, for instance, occurred in an unincorporated area of the county, leading to a response primarily from the county fire department rather than the city's agency. This fragmentation creates challenges for leadership during crises, as noted by former California Governor Gray Davis.
In contrast to Los Angeles, cities like New Orleans have experienced more centralized leadership during disasters. Former mayors of Los Angeles have expressed the need for a streamlined governance model to improve emergency response, citing the increasing frequency of natural disasters attributed to climate change.
Compounding the situation, Governor Gavin Newsom has remained highly visible and active in addressing the wildfires, contrasting with Bass's criticism over her absence while attending an event in Ghana. Upon her return, Bass has taken steps to expedite recovery efforts but has faced scrutiny over her crisis management.
In November, voters supported significant reforms in the county's governance, including electing a county executive by 2028. This position is expected to centralize authority and potentially overshadow the mayor's office. While the impact of a county executive during crises remains uncertain, observers emphasize the necessity for visible leadership during emergencies.
The dual fires presented a unique challenge, leaving residents wondering who is ultimately in charge as they seek accountability and direction from elected officials in the face of disasters.