In recent months, Egypt's stance on refugees has shifted dramatically, reflecting growing tensions amid an economic crisis exacerbated by regional conflicts. Azza Mostafa, a pro-government TV anchor, who previously praised Syrian refugees for their contributions to Egyptian society, has now expressed frustration over the increasing number of migrants. This change mirrors the government's tightening policies as it grapples with economic challenges worsened by wars in Gaza, Sudan, and Libya.
Historically, Egypt has welcomed various foreigners, including refugees and migrant workers, facilitating their integration into society. However, since the onset of Sudan's civil war in 2023, the Egyptian government has intensified its rhetoric against foreigners, claiming they are responsible for rising rents and societal issues. Officials argue that the country spends approximately $10 billion annually on its refugee population, a figure contested by experts who suggest it is significantly inflated.
The economic situation in Egypt has deteriorated due to years of government mismanagement, reliance on imports, and the impact of external conflicts, leading to a currency crash and rising inflation. In this context, refugees have become scapegoats for broader societal grievances, with some government officials blaming them for shortages in essential goods.
In response to these tensions, authorities have begun a crackdown on migrants, particularly targeting Sudanese refugees with police sweeps and deportations. New legislation has shifted the responsibility for refugee screening from the United Nations to the Egyptian government, raising concerns about potential violations of refugee rights. Critics argue that this law could hinder access to essential services such as healthcare and education.
Many refugees now face increased difficulties in maintaining legal status in Egypt, with some being required to pay substantial fees to renew their permits. Despite these challenges, many refugees, including long-term Syrian residents, are reluctant to return home due to ongoing instability in their countries.
Internationally, Egypt has begun to receive increased support from Western nations concerned about the potential for further destabilization in the region. An $8 billion aid package from the European Union aims to bolster Egypt's economy, echoing similar arrangements with other nations to manage migration. However, human rights organizations warn that such agreements could perpetuate abuses against refugees and migrants within Egypt.
Amidst this backdrop, many refugees are seeking formal protection through the U.N. agency in Cairo, but the process is lengthy, leading to increased desperation among those affected by the crackdown. One such case involves a Sudanese family that faced eviction and separation due to legal and economic challenges, highlighting the dire circumstances faced by many refugees in Egypt today.