In 2023, a former aide to the governor of New York was indicted for allegedly acting as an agent for China, highlighting a growing interest from Beijing in influencing state governance in the United States.
While Chinese espionage at the national level often garners significant attention, intelligence officials and prosecutors indicate that Chinese diplomats are increasingly using incentives such as travel opportunities and cultural exchanges to influence local policies.
Limited access to national leaders has shifted Beijing's focus. Historically, members of Congress frequently visited China, a practice that has sharply declined due to mounting unpopularity of China in the U.S. Political ramifications for lawmakers associating with Beijing have also grown. For instance, Representative Eric Swalwell faced a two-year ethics investigation linked to a suspected Chinese spy, though the investigation concluded without action.
With Washington's stance on China becoming more stringent, local leaders have emerged as viable alternatives for engagement. A 2019 study noted that the perspectives of state officials are becoming increasingly crucial.
Local politicians often exhibit less caution than their national counterparts, as they typically do not receive the same level of security briefings. Experts argue that local officials often prioritize economic cooperation over national security considerations.
An example of this dynamic occurred when San Francisco Mayor London Breed sought to arrange a visit from giant pandas, traveling to China unbriefed by intelligence agencies and meeting with high-ranking officials in an effort to bolster the city's economy.
China has a history of cultivating relationships over the long term, as evidenced by the connection between Chinese leader Xi Jinping and former Iowa Governor Terry Branstad, which began in 1985 and later included Branstad's ambassadorship from 2017 to 2020.
These relationships can facilitate mutual understanding and help prevent conflicts between Washington and Beijing. However, the FBI has noted that Chinese agents often seek to identify and support politicians who may advocate for Beijing's interests in the future.
Additionally, Beijing is particularly focused on the Chinese diaspora, seeking to monitor and potentially suppress dissent within these communities. Cities like New York and San Francisco are prime targets due to their significant ethnic Chinese populations.
This struggle for influence is illustrated by the indictment of the former aide to New York's governor, who is accused of obstructing Taiwanese representatives from accessing the governor's office.